Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading causes of childhood blindness in babies born prematurely. If your baby is born early, the blood vessels in their retina may not develop normally, which can lead to abnormal vessel growth and increase the risk of retinal detachment and permanent vision loss if the condition is not detected and treated in time. Before the 1980s, treatment options for severe ROP were extremely limited. Although doctors understood more about the condition, there

Childhood myopia, commonly known as short-sightedness, has become one of the fastest-growing eye health concerns worldwide. If your child has myopia, they may be able to see nearby objects clearly but struggle to focus on things in the distance. As the condition progresses, your child may need stronger glasses or contact lenses, and high levels of myopia can increase the risk of developing certain eye diseases later in life. For many years, myopia management focused mainly on correcting vision with

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a serious eye condition that can affect babies who are born prematurely. It develops when the blood vessels in your baby's retina grow abnormally, which can lead to retinal detachment and permanent vision loss if it is not treated promptly. As advances in neonatal care have improved survival rates for premature babies, ensuring they receive the right eye care has become more important than ever. For many years, laser photocoagulation was an established standard treatment

Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition in which your cornea, the clear front surface of your eye, gradually becomes thinner and bulges into a cone-like shape. As this happens, you may notice blurred or distorted vision, increased sensitivity to light and greater difficulty with everyday activities such as reading, driving and recognising faces. For many years, treatment options mainly focused on improving your vision with glasses or contact lenses. Although these could help you see more clearly, they could not

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in older adults. It affects your macula, the central part of your retina that allows you to see fine details clearly. As AMD progresses, you may find everyday activities such as reading, recognising faces and driving become more challenging because your central vision becomes affected. For many years, people with the neovascular form of AMD had limited treatment options. Wet AMD develops when abnormal blood vessels grow

Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most serious causes of vision loss in older adults. If you have wet AMD, abnormal blood vessels can grow beneath the retina and leak fluid or blood into the macula, the central part of your retina responsible for detailed vision. Unlike dry AMD, which often develops more gradually, wet AMD can cause rapid changes in your central vision and significantly affect activities such as reading, driving, and recognising faces. For many

Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is one of the most common causes of vision loss in people with diabetes. If you have DMO, the condition develops when damaged blood vessels leak fluid into the macula, the central part of your retina responsible for detailed vision. Without timely treatment, DMO can affect your ability to read, drive, recognise faces, and carry out many everyday activities. Over the past two decades, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections have transformed the treatment of diabetic

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in older adults. If you have AMD or are at risk of developing it, understanding the latest evidence can help you make informed decisions about your eye health. Although modern treatments have transformed the management of some forms of AMD, slowing disease progression remains an important goal for you and your ophthalmologist. The original Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) showed that a specific combination of antioxidant vitamins

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in older adults. If you develop AMD, the condition affects your macula—the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision—making activities such as reading, driving, and recognising faces increasingly difficult as the disease progresses. Although AMD does not usually cause complete blindness, it can have a significant impact on your independence and quality of life. One of the most influential research projects in ophthalmology is

Glaucoma is a lifelong eye condition that requires careful treatment to help prevent irreversible vision loss. If you have glaucoma, damage to your optic nerve cannot usually be reversed, making early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and regular monitoring essential for protecting your long-term eyesight. One of the most influential studies to examine glaucoma treatment strategies is the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS). This landmark clinical trial compared two common approaches for people with newly diagnosed glaucoma: starting treatment with glaucoma